Vineyard provinces of Iran Essay -- Agriculture, Grape Production

Grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff. is one of the most important pests of grape vine in most parts of the country. Losses caused by larval feeding leads to disrupted plant activities, reduction in flower buds and ultimately decreased quality and quantity of the crop. In order to study seasonal flight activity of Lobesia botrana and to determine spraying time, experiments were conducted for two consecutive years at two different orchards in Sissakht region in 1999-2000. The seasonal flight of Lobesia botrana was investigated by using pheromone traps and collecting samples from eggs, larva and pupa stages of the pest. The results showed that Lobesia botrana has three generations with an incomplete 4th in the region. Damage of first and forth generation is very low. The grape vine fruits can be mainly damaged by the second and third generation of Lobesia botrana that will happen about ten days after the adult emergency. Regarding to the results, spraying should be done duri ng two weeks from 9th Lobesia botrana for the next year. Key Words: Lobesia botrana, Population dynamics, Pheromone traps, spraying. Introduction Grape is one of the major economical products in Iran. Kohkiluyeh-Va-Boyer- Ahmad has been long one of the Vineyard provinces of Iran. According to statistics of 2005, there was 1900 hectares under cultivation (700 hectares of sapling and 1200 hectares of fruitful trees) with the production of 1250 metric ton, an average of 12500 Kg per hectare [5, 7]. The vineyards of Kohkiluyeh-Va-Buyer-Ahmad are mostly in the counties of Buyer-Ahmad, Sissakht (Dena) and Kohkiluyeh [10]. Lobesia botrana is one of the most important pest causing serious damages to vineyards in Iran and around the world. In some years, ... ... – 11, May 13 – 18, May End of 2nd gen 26, May – 5, June 25, May – 4, June Start of 2nd gen. 5 – 12, June 4 – 11, June Fly climax of 2nd gen. 19 – 26, June 18 – 25, June End of 2nd gen 17 – 31, July 13 – 28, July Start of 3rd gen. 31, July – 11, August 28, July – 13, August Fly climax of 3rd gen. 20 – 27, August 22 – 29, August End of 3rd gen 3 – 9, September 6 – 16, September Start of 4th gen. 9 – 16 September 16 – 24, September Figure 1. Population dynamics vine moth in Sissakhat region (plain) 2007-2008 Figure2. Population dynamics vine moth in Sissakhat region (Mountain). 2007-2008 Figure 3a. Fluctuation curve daily Min and Max temperature (Celsius). 2007 Figure 3b. Fluctuation curve daily Min and Max temperature (Celsius). 2008 Figure 4. Exit trend adults overwintering in laboratory conditions (2008). References :

Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children Essay

Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Assignment 1 Within a school, equality, diversity and inclusion is very important. It is their duty to make sure all children have equal access to the curriculum. Whether they are a different race, culture, gender or have a special need or disability, it is important that they are supported and have a right to participate and be treated equal; this is known as inclusion. As part of this it is important that schools and other professionals support and promote cultural diversity in schools and the wider society, breaking down any discriminatory barriers to learning. (1. 2) In a school participation means that everyone has to be involved and this involves the inclusion of the children. The Government is committed to children’s rights and participation. Under Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), children and young people have the right to express their views, and for these to be respected by adults when making decisions on matters that affect them. This means that the schools have to involve the children in the planning, delivery and evaluation of the curriculum on a daily basis, asking children what they think, what works and what they think could be better. Children should be given opportunities to express their opinion in matters that affect their lives. Effective participation gives children and young people the opportunity to make a positive contribution to their learning and to develop the skills, confidence and self-esteem they will need for the future. Every child has the right to access the curriculum, Equality of access. This means that children can work to the best of their ability and be treated equally within their learning. The schools have a duty to support these rights and they must be reflected through their policies and procedures and must comply with current legislations and codes of practice. The Equality Act 2010, UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, Children Act 1989/2004, SENDA 2001 and SEN Code of Practice 2002 are the relevant legislations that give guidance on how to understand the children’s rights to participation and equality of access. Promoting participation and equal access makes sure that the school is meeting the 5 outcomes of ECM/HCAM and will therefore provide children with the best possible opportunities to to achieve to the best of their ability within the curriculum and their school life. (1. ) Cultural diversity provides a framework to bringing children together who would otherwise be naturally separated by cultural barriers. Pupil’s cultural development involves pupils acquiring an understanding of cultural traditions and an ability to appreciate and respond to a variety of aesthetic experiences. They acquire a respect for their own culture and that of others, an interest in other’s ways of doing things and curiosity abo ut differences. They develop the knowledge, skills, understanding, qualities and attitudes they need to understand, appreciate and contribute to culture. Schools have to promote cultural diversity and follow legislations relating to equality and discrimination, it is the law not to discriminate and this is set out in the Equality Act 2010. There are many ways that a school can promote acceptance and respect of different cultures throughout the school, this could be through teaching in the classroom where the pupils can explore varied cultural backgrounds, learning about celebrations that different cultures participate in for example multicultural festivals that take place different times throughout the year. Also many schools now have ‘welcome’ signs which are written in languages that pupils within the school speak, displays are also used with work of the children these are a brilliant way of showing the pupils understanding of others cultures and provides information for all within the school. All staff must act as role models and promote cultural diversity this helps reduce prejudice and discrimination and if staff are putting this in place then it will influence pupils to be tolerant of other cultures and with this helps the children understand the diverse society to which they belong. Pupils who understand cultural diversity will be more likely to participate and those of different cultures will feel more involved as they can help with the learning of their culture, with this it will help children in schools and outside in the wider society. In conclusion, schools who promote equality and inclusion through participation and a value of cultural diversity are encouraging children to ave respect for others and not to discriminate and promotes independence for the children. Children’s rights to equal access has to be supported by quality teaching, school policies and procedures. Children’s rights are protected by the law but if the schools follow the laws and provide the vital information through learning, children are more likely to respect others and appreciate their responsibilities to others.

Behavioral Treatment Programs for Methamphetamine Addiction

Methamphetamine is a powerful and dangerous drug. It has the reputation as being a delightful and sneaky drug that robs your body of life. Although it has been around for over sixty years, it is only in the last 30 years that people have realized what a significant problem it has caused. Treatment for Methamphetamine remains mainly in the experimental stages and needs more research to find the exact treatment protocol. Methamphetamine addiction is extremely hard to treat (Lee Rawson, 2009). The main reasons are due to the length of time it takes for the drug to pass through the body. Depending how much and how long the drug has been used determines the best course of treatment for a client(Inaba Cohen, 2011). A person may need†¦show more content†¦Cognitive Behavior Therapy teaches the client to deals with these side effects by being able to process the information without feeling scared. During the sessions, the patient can liberate themselves from fear, desperation, and suicidal thoughts. It allows the client to build skills that will help them cope with these feelings and cravings for the drug (Baker Lee, 2005). In a study by Hawkins et.al, it was found the skills training was not as effective after six months, but some of the techniques remained. During the time, a person is involved in the treatment usage either stops or reduces significantly. It has also been used successfully in the inpatient setting. The use of this therapy does decrease the relapse rate. However, a study by Hawkins et.al, found that after 12 months, the skills were not remembered as well as at the time of discharge. However, some of the skills did remain and help to avoid a relapse. Therefore, using it as a single form of treatment might not be the best choice(Therci Alexandar, 2006). It has worked well in combination with other treatment models. The Community Reinforcement Program is a type of contingency program that uses a voucher system to reward clients for not using Methampetamine or other drugs(Meyers Squire, N.D.). The goal is to keep consumers in treatment longer. The focus is to keep them active in groups. If the clients remain in the group, it benefits the group’sShow MoreRelatedThe Drug Addiction Epidemic Of America Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States is not immune to the worldwide drug addiction epidemic. Drugs pour in from Mexico daily, then distributed to throughout the country. The economic crisis in America is creating an excuse for drug use (e.g., depression, hopelessness). This chemical fix not only creates problems for the addict, but the family and community as well. Every addict has an enabler, a person who makes the addiction possible through various venues of support (e.g., financial, denial). Addicts are onlyRead MoreCristy: The Alcoholic Meth Addict1272 Words   |  6 Pa gesAlcohol and Methanphamine Drug addiction. Cristy: The Alcoholic Meth Addict The episode â€Å"Crisy on Meth† is about a twenty-four year old woman named Cristy who was once a popular and sweet girl that is now addicted to alcohol and crystal methamphetamine. This episode is an attention-grabbing reality program on the AE Network. Cristy’s addictions have driven her and her family into a complete crisis. This episode is a real life glimpse into alcohol and methamphetamine addiction and how it affects the wholeRead MoreCombating Methamphetamine And Other Illicit Drugs Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen implemented to assist in combating methamphetamine and other illicit drugs. The Obama Administration is engaging in several efforts to reduce methamphetamine manufacturing and trafficking, and to prevent and treat methamphetamine abuse. By highlighting a balanced approach that recognizes the role of enforcement, as well as prevention and treatment. The 2010 National Drug Control Strategy seeks to reduce the availability and demand for methampheta mine and other drugs. ONDCP’s National Youth Anti-DrugRead MoreThe Effects Of Methamphetamine On The Brain And The Body1622 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Have Methamphetamines Become So Popular â€Å"I want to be addicted to meth!† Have you ever heard anyone say this? While millions of people use methamphetamines, it would be difficult to find a person that had the desire to become addicted to it. Despite a radical increase in the number of people using this drug and the terrible consequences of doing so, it has recently propelled in popularity. Meth addiction is so common because the use of the drug is prevalent in many areas and because thereRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs On The Human Body1158 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing abuse the most in our society are alcohol, marijuana, and methamphetamine. This writing will analyze four factors. The factors being analyze are: why are this substance harmful, three factors that contribute towards its abuse, what is the community doing to reduce such abuse, and what services are available in order to help people recover from their addictions. Why are these substances harmful Alcohol, marijuana, and methamphetamine have their own ways of affecting on the human body. HoweverRead MoreAddiction : The Problem Of Addiction1705 Words   |  7 PagesAddiction A crisis that many communities in Georgia are experiencing is addiction. A large substance that is currently being abuse is methamphetamine. Methamphetamine can be smoked, snorted, injected, taken orally and dissolved in liquids. The most common use is smoking and injecting the drug because of the immediate reaction it has on the body. It is highly addictive and has repeated patterns of binges and crashes with the individual constantly trying to reproduce their euphoric high. A recentRead MoreThe Rural Drug : Methamphetamine1528 Words   |  7 PagesDrug: Methamphetamine Anisha Patel Columbus State University June 8, 2015 The Rural Drug: Methamphetamine Methamphetamine is a highly, addictive stimulating drug that affects the central nervous system. Although it is a drug obtainable through prescription, it is more commonly abused due to cheap costs and street availability. Commonly termed as chalk, crank, crystal, glass, ice, speed, wash, etc., it can be orally ingested, injected, smoked or snorted (What is Methamphetamine? What isRead MoreThe Use Of Meth On The Black Market And Manufacture It For Sale1191 Words   |  5 Pagesaround them that live nearby. In most recent years, moving mobile meth labs are used on the street to reproduce this drug, in cars, trucks and other vehicles to hide their illegal growing activities. The easy process of making and producing Methamphetamine is a simple process, when compared to the manufacturing and growing of other recreational drugs. It is more popular among many groups of people as the drug of choice to reproduce all over the nation and the world. As a result of the popularityRead MoreThe Concepts Of Meth In Mexico, Mexico And California949 Words   |  4 Pagesmainly on street corners or in nightclubs and from residential houses in some communities. TREATMENT OF METH DEPENDENCE Therapy of meth dependence is somewhat challenging because of the high relapse and drop out, ongoing incidents of neurosis, and severe craving. No prescription has been established to be good for meth dependence and abuse treatment. Therefore, the backbones of treatment are cognitive behavioral therapy and contingency management (Darke 29). Contingency management is grounded on theRead MoreThe Addiction Of Methamphetamine Among Juvenile Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The addiction of methamphetamine amongst juvenile’s and adults has reached epidemic proportions that affect the individual, families and communities. Methamphetamine abuse has crossed all social economic boundaries that have negatively impacted law enforcement, social and clinical services. According to Anglin, Burke, Perrochet, Stamper and Dawud-Noursi (2000), methamphetamine, also known as meth, crystal, or speed, is a substance that affects the central nervous system creating a

How to Study Archaeology in High School

Although Archaeology isnt offered in every high school, there are lots of relevant subjects to study: history of all kinds, anthropology, religions of the world, geography, civics and economics, biology, botany, chemistry, physics, languages, computer classes, math and statistics, even business classes. All of these courses and a host of others will help you when you start your formal education in archaeology; in fact, the information in these courses will probably help you even if you decide not to go into archaeology. Choose relevant electives. They are presents given to you for free by the school system, and theyre usually taught by teachers who love their subjects. A teacher who loves her/his subject is a great teacher, and that is great news for you. Beyond that, there are several things you can do to practice the skills youll need in archaeology. Write All the Time One of the most crucial skills any scientist can have is the ability to express him/herself well. Write in a journal, write letters, write on little scraps of paper you find lying around. Work on your descriptive powers. Practice describing simple everyday objects around you, even: cell phone, book, DVD, tree, tin can, or whatever is nearest you. You dont have to describe what its used for, necessarily, but what is the texture like, what is its overall shape, what color is it. Use a thesaurus, just pack your descriptions with words. Sharpen Your Visual Skills Buildings are perfect for this. Find an older building—it doesnt have to be terribly old, 75 years or more would be fine. If it is old enough, the house you live in works perfectly. Look at it closely and try to see if you can tell what might have happened to it. Are there scars from old renovations? Can you tell if a room or a window sill was painted a different color once? Is there a crack in the wall? Is there a bricked-up window? Is there a stain on the ceiling? Is there a staircase that goes nowhere or a doorway thats permanently shut? Try to figure out what happened. Visit an Archaeological Dig Call up the local university in town—the anthropology department in the states and Canada, the archaeology or ancient history departments in other parts of the world. See if theyre running an excavation this summer, and see if you can visit. Many of them would be happy to give you a guided tour. Talk to People and Join Clubs People are a terrific resource that all archaeologists use, and you need to recognize that and practice it. Ask someone you know who is older than you or from a different place to describe their childhood. Listen and think about how alike or different your lives have been so far, and how that might have affected the way you both think about things. Join the local archaeology or history club. You dont have to be a professional to join them, and they usually have student rates to join that are pretty cheap. Lots of towns, cities, states, provinces, regions have societies for people who are interested in archaeology. They publish newsletters and magazines and often schedule meetings where you can go hear talks by archaeologists, or even offer training courses for amateurs. Books and Magazines Subscribe to an archaeology magazine, or go read them in the public library. There are several excellent public archaeology outlets where you can learn about how archaeology works, and the latest copies may very well be in your public library right this minute. Use the library and the Internet for research. Every year, more and more content-oriented websites are produced on the Internet; but the library has a vast array of stuff as well, and it doesnt take a computer to use it. Just for the heck of it, research an archaeological site or culture. Maybe you can use it for a paper in school, maybe not, but do it for you. Nurture Your Curiosity The most important thing for any student in any discipline is to learn all the time. Start learning for yourself, not just for school or for your parents or for some possible job in the future. Take every opportunity that comes along, investigate and sharpen your curiosity about the world and the way it works. That is how you become any kind of a scientist: Be excessively curious.

Abortion Persuasive Essay - 1119 Words

To begin with, there has always been an extensive issue with the topic of abortion, why? Well, it’s a tough subject and can get extremely emotional and very defensive. Honestly, people just need to open up their eye’s and understand that its murder and not just a choice. It is murder because two can create a blessing and the choice of aborting it, is more like a sacrifice for the reason a mother can’t carry a baby for nine months. Whether a person is a minor, young adult, or an adult and is in a awful situation that believes they cannot proceed with the pregnancy, they should know there are other opportunities. Teens aborting an unborn baby is not a choice and should be banned because it is wrong without parental consent, the rights of†¦show more content†¦Of course a child does not have more rights than her mother.’’ (The..). With that being said, the mother and child have the right to live, but the woman’s right to live is not a pr oblem because her life is not in danger as her baby is. Thirdly, aborting an unwanted baby is considered murder being to the fact that, a mother is sacrificing that child’s life for their own good because of the circumstances they are dealing with. Patrick Johnston is director of the Association of Pro-Life Physicians, a professional organization for physicians who oppose abortion reported, â€Å"Its a commandment that even mass murderers keep most of the time. They just make an exception every now and then. The devil doesnt want to overthrow Gods law—he just wants you to make an exception. Our exceptions to Gods commandments, however, are indeed a challenge to Gods authority and an assault against His Word-law. If you make an exception to the commandment Thou shalt not murder then in that instance, you have violated it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Abortion†¦). On the other hand, supporters of abortion may argue that because it is their body they can have an abortion without parental consent, that it is pro-choice, and have other p riorities. Cynthia Dailard and Chinue Turner Richardson, are authors of the Guttmacher Report on Public Policy, they have endorsed, â€Å"Parents generally have the legal authority to make medical decisions on behalf of theirShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay About Abortion993 Words   |  4 Pagesin two peoples perspectives. The story consisted of a daughter (Deb) and mother’s perspective after the death of her father. The purpose of this layout is to show how they are both grieving in individual ways. Writing for the persuasive was presented as an essay on why abortion should be accessible in every country, and to also outline the shame women receive. Purpose Purpose for writing publication- Purpose for writing a real-estate article was to inform a potential buyer on the house showed. AlsoRead MoreAbortion Persuasive Essay755 Words   |  4 Pagesinstead these babies are torn limb by limb, burned, and many other tortuous methods to end the precious life. Abortion is murder and is not only very cruel to the unborn baby but it also harms the mother. Pro-choice is an escape from the harsh reality that a baby is being murdered, and in my eyes a life should only be terminated if God himself is ready to call them home. One reason why abortion is wrong is because they are many other safe solutions that would give the child a chance at life. AdoptionRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion917 Words   |  4 PagesAbortions in Texas consist of ending a pregnancy of an unborn child before it can live out of the mother womb. However if the pregnancy ends not on purpose before the twenty four week mark then technically it would be considered a miscarriage. Though inducing the abortion on purpose has caused a lot of controversy over the past century. Deliberately putting people on one of two sides of this issues, of either being for it, which would be considered Pro Choice. Or in the other category of the ProRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1635 Words   |  7 Pagessolve this issue the option of abortion was brought to the forefront by scientists and advocates such as Dan Savage who mentioned that abortion should be mandatory for the next 30 years in or to control the population. (Ertlet) For countri es such as the U.S. with a growth rate being 1.6%, the proposal of widespread abortion is highly recommended as mentioned by obstetricians and gynecologists. (MumfordKessel) Who now leaves the question as to if the option of abortion should be used as a means ofRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1228 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion pregnancies each year in the United States, 1.6 million end up in abortion† (Hern). Because of the numerous traumatic psychological, physical, and overall irresponsible behavior or actions constantly encouraged due to abortion, it should be banned, and forever illegal. Killing one’s own fetus has been linked to psychological distress which has been channeled into many different cases of substance abuse. â€Å"Induced abortion has been linked to increased rates of substance abuse, especially amongRead MoreAbortion Persuasive Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesfamily with someone. Often times accidents happen in which people didn’t plan for, and can lead to many financial problems or neglect of one’s child because the parents weren’t prepared to be parents. This is why there should be the option of abortion. Abortion needs to be an option for everyone because it helps from long lasting mental states, infection, economical problems, and or having conceived from a non consensual circumstance. Pregnancy is a hard and unforgiving to the woman’s body. In factRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion954 Words   |  4 Pagesand nations who destroy life by abortion and euthanasia are the poorest. I do not say legal or illegal, but I think that no human hand should be raised to kill life, since life is God’s life in us, even in an unborn child.† Do you know what abortion really is? Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the uterus. Abortion seems to be more common in today’s society. Numerous amounts of individuals support abortion, and do not realize how it affectsRead MoreAbortion Persuasive Essay736 Words   |  3 Pagesfavor of abortion rights. The decision was 7-2, it stated that it showed a â€Å"right of privacy.†Abortions have been performed for thousands of years all around the world, even though many women died from it. Women nowadays have a choice of whether they want to get an abortion. Abortions do come with risk, one of them being death, but women should still have a right and say what they want to do with pregnancy and not be judged by others for doing so. Today the debate across the world is if abortion shouldRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1653 Words   |  7 PagesStates, there is a right to have an abortion. The right to have an abortion affects not only women, but everyone. Some believe that the act of having an abortion is murder, yet, others do not believe anything to be wrong with abortion. The act of abortion has been an issue for many years. Is abortion â€Å"murder,† or is murder off the table, since the fetus is too young for developmental stages. Women of all ages have the right to abortion; yet should it be legal? Abortion is a significant topic, becauseRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1410 Words   |  6 PagesIs abortion wrong? Does a fetus have rights? Should a woman have the right to abort if she decides she does n ot want to have a child? Should a father have a say in whether a fetus is aborted or carried to term? There are countless reasons a woman may choose to have an abortion. Abortion is a controversial and emotional topic that sparks a great deal of debate. Hearing facts will assist one in deriving a more knowledgeable stance on the matter. There are several circumstances that may cause

Datasets On Rented Properties Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Datasets On Rented Properties. Answer: This report looks at two datasets on rented properties taken by students in Australia. It uses primary and secondary data to determine a few determinants of rent paid by students, in terms of the chosen suburb, the number of bedrooms as a proxy for size, type of property (flat or house) and bond amount paid for the property. As we are using a sample its usefulness is limited by the sampling technique, and the data collected. Section 1 We first consider a primary dataset, obtained by an interview with students to know their weekly rent. This dataset is problematic as It is very small (only 5 points in it) It is not comparable to other secondary data that provides information on suburb, the number of bedrooms, category - flat or house, and bond amount paid. The other data is a secondary data- with 500 observations. It is rich in terms of additional information and can be used to make estimates campus wise or to determine association among variables. It can also be used for regression purposes to determine what affects rents in a significant way. Such conclusions can help students search for the right property based on their own requirements. A snapshot of this set is as follows: Bond Amount Weekly Rent Dwelling Type Number Bedrooms Postcode Suburb $2,700 $675 Flat 3 2031 RANDWICK $3,000 $750 Flat 2 2031 RANDWICK $1,540 $385 Flat 2 2144 AUBURN $2,360 $590 House 3 2144 AUBURN $2,600 $650 Flat 1 2000 SYDEY Section 2 We now use the primary data, to give a snapshot with numerical and visual help. weekly rent Mean 160 Standard Error 24.2899156 Median 150 Mode #N/A Standard Deviation 54.31390246 Sample Variance 2950 Kurtosis -1.952887101 Skewness 0.327662152 Range 130 Minimum 100 Maximum 230 Sum 800 Count 5 It can be seen that the highest rent is $230, while the lowest is $120 only0 almost half of the maximum. The mean rent is $160 while median is $150. The data is limited, but a little skewed to the right. Section 3 Next we consider dataset2, and look at the variable - Dwelling Type. The following points are clear: Most students prefer to live in flats- 474/500 or 94.8% in the sample. Parramatta is the most preferred location- 156/500 = 33.2% stay here The most dominated suburb is Sydney in terms of flats, with just 1/167 =0.5% staying in a house here. The other suburbs have a % of 17.8% , 5.7% and 2.9% staying in houses. The difference in flat and house residency is seen more starkly in a bar chart below. SUBURB Flat House Grand Total AUBURN 60 13 73 PARRAMATTA 147 9 156 RANDWICK 101 3 104 SYDNEY 166 1 167 Grand Total 474 26 500 . We move to check the hypothesis that houses are preferred by less than 10% of students. = sample proportion of students in houses = 26/500 = 0.052 Ho: p= 0.1 H1: p 0.1 ( left tail test) Z test value = (0.052 0.1)/ SE where SE = (0.052 *.948 /500)^.5 = 0.01 Test value = - 0.042 /0.01 = -4.834. Using a 95% confidence level, the critical z value is -1.645. The p value of the test value is P (z -4.834) = 0 as p value 0.05, we conclude that we cannot accept the null hypothesis. There is statistical evidence that proportion of Houses is less than 0.1. This conclusion proves the data shown above in true in a statistical sense. It is not mere luck/sampling problem that share of flats is so high. The low share of houses is systematic, and may have deeper reasons which we are unable to see in this assignment. ? Section 4 Next we move on to dwellings with 2 bedrooms only- flat and houses, irrespective of the suburb. To compare them we segregate them on the basis of suburbs and use average mean as the comparison metric. The table shows that Auburn has the lowest average rent of $404.67, while Sydney is at the other extreme of $838.04. A visual description is shown for easier comparison. Row Labels Sum of Average of WeeklyRent AUBURN 404.67 PARRAMATTA 461.31 RANDWICK 618.04 SYDNEY 838.04 Once again, like we tested for statistical significance of the houses proportion, we can check if the differences in average rent are amatter of luck/ design of the sample chosen or sysematic. For testing this we use ANOVA test. The null hypothesis is Ho: 1 = 2 = 3 =4 ( 1, 2,3 4 refer to suburbs) The alternative hypothesis is H1: 1 2 3 4 Using the ANOVA function in Excel we get the following table. Using the F test we note that p value is zero as P( F 456.9) = 0. This implies that the differences are statistically different. Accordingly a student must decide on the suburb to choose after considering these mean values as important and real enough. Source of Variation SS df MS F Between Groups 7640126.16 3 2546709 456.9565 Within Groups 1616227.32 290 5573.198 Total 9256353.49 293 Section 5 Lastly, we consider the relation between two quantitative variables- weekly Rent and Bond Amount in a scatterplot. ? We can see that most datapoints lie on the regression line (red line) of are very close to. This shows up as very strong association, with virtually zero outliers. The value of coefficient of determination = 0.985. The correlation coefficient is 0.992= .958^.5 is extremely high. So the bond amount can act as a very good and reliable guide to the value of rent. Lower bond amount properties are likely to have lower rents. Section 6 To conclude we can say that the secondary data is richer and more useful. It can still be validated with use of primary data. However we need more details on the primary data, so that we can make it more comparable with secondary data. The data can be improved to include more parameters that affect rents size of dwelling in square feet, shared or single occupancy, provision of kitchen can be some examples. References Hypothesis Testing . (n.d.). Retrieved May 30, 2017, from https://onlinecourses.science.psu.edu/statprogram/node/138 Hypothess testing . (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2017, from https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/hypothesis-testing/ Mean, median, mode. (n.d.). Retrieved May 31, 2017, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/maths/statistics/measuresofaveragerev6.shtml Measures of Spread. (n.d.). Retrieved Sep 13, 2017, from Statistics. laerd.com: https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/measures-of-spread-range-quartiles.php Measuresof dispersion. (n.d.). Retrieved Sep 11, 2017, from Simon.cs.vt.edu: https://simon.cs.vt.edu/SoSci/converted/Dispersion_I/ Regression analysis. (n.d.). Retrieved June 6, 2017, from Home.iitk.ac.in: https://home.iitk.ac.in/~shalab/regression/Chapter2-Regression-SimpleLinearRegressionAnalysis.pdf Sampling techniques. (n.d.). Retrieved June 18, 2017, from Rgs.org: https://www.rgs.org/OurWork/Schools/Fieldwork+and+local+learning/Fieldwork+techniques/Sampling+techniques.htm The 5 steps in Hypothesis testing. (n.d.). Retrieved June 5, 2017, from Learn,bu.edu: https://learn.bu.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-826908-dt-content-rid-2073693_1/courses/13sprgmetcj702_ol/week04/metcj702_W04S01T05_fivesteps.html What isa P value . (n.d.). Retrieved May 29, 2017, from stat.ualberta.ca: https://www.stat.ualberta.ca/~hooper/teaching/misc/Pvalue.pdf

Argument Letter free essay sample

Dear editor, I am a 16 year old, and I am writing to you to explain how stereotypical and rude your editing is on teenagers, for example ‘what sort of example is this to set our children’ and ‘it’s all too easy to hate teens- try a little love instead’ I am very offended by the way you talk about teenagers and how we are all treated in the same way. For example when you talk about ‘’ the panda eyed girl’’, this may be funny to some readers but at the end of the day it’s her choice after all. Not only is this offensive it can make teenagers feel very unconfident and shy so it also affects them mentally. I mean it’s quite fair to state the facts but not in such a disrespectful way like calling teenagers names. I thought adults were supposed to be more grown up about these things†¦ At the end of one of your ‘disrespectful’ articles you decide to make fun out of us by saying ‘but, hey, you know, whatevs? this is incredibly insulting not only to me but the millions of teenagers who are reading this. We will write a custom essay sample on Argument Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You never get teenagers writing rude things about adults do you? Yes we might say it to you in person but don’t all people when their angry? Maybe you should be taking a look at the way we are treated and not how we treat other people because you just decide to taunt and describe us in such a hateful way that maybe you’re the ones with the problem not us. You have discriminated against us for the way we dress, the way we look and how we talk, which doesn’t define a person. Maybe instead of taking the stereotypical teenager and applying it to all the teenagers your should get to know the different personality’s of teenagers and find out what teenagers are really like. There are so many different teenagers around and you just seem to think that there’s only 1 kind of teenager and that a gobby little thug who wears trackes and strolls around wearing a Hoddie and all that’s going through your minds is ‘I’m going to get stabbed, raped or jumped if I look at this teenagers, I’ll let you know me and my mates helps two middle ages ladies move their sofa because they were struggling with it. Doesn’t that show how most teenagers really are, I bet you wouldn’t help them. Finally I think that you should have a look over what you have said and reconsider what you have said wrong and what you can change about it to make it a better article for all ages to read. I will be looking forward to reading your next article and hopefully I won’t need to speak to you again.